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Kinderradiologie (Fach) / Alles (Lektion)
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- Most common pulmonary mass in children is Pseudomass caused by spherical pneumonia
- Most common renal tumor in neonate Mesoblastic nephroma. Usually considered benign. Metastasis can occur.
- Most common soft tissue tumor in children Rhabdomyosarcoma
- Most common tumor in newborns Sacrococcygeal teratoma
- Most common type of cardiac malposition Mirror-image dextrocardia.
- Only part of the airway not seen on a neonatal plain film Nasal airway.
- Plain film findings of acute appendicitis Appendicolith (10%). Free fluid in right lower quadrant (separation o colon from properitoneal fat line). Sentinel loop of bowel (air-fluid level) in right lower quadrant. Scoliosis with concavity to the right (splinting).
- Terminal ileum has a nodular appearance in children due to Normal lymphoid tissue of Peyers patches.
- Thymus may be seen in some children up to the age of 4-5 years
- Umbilical arterial line tip may be at L4-5 (bifurcation of the aorta). T8 above the diaphragm
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- Fat babies are seen in Diabetic mothers.
- To make diagnosis of hyaline membrane disease, you must see granular opacities where? All the way out to the edge of the lungs.
- TORCHS infections Toxoplasmosis. Rubella. Cytomegalic inclusion disease. Herpes. Syphilis
- Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) Pulmonary veinsreturn blood to right side of the heart via: RA. Coronary sinus. Systemic vein. Type 1 anomaly is the snowman heart: . Large, inverted U-shaped vessel empties into superior vena cava.
- Two common causes of nonbilious infantile vomiting GER. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
- Two large kidneys DDx: Polycystic disease. Hydronephrosis (Neurogenic bladder. Posterior urethral valves). Leukemia. Lymphoma. Sickle cell disease. Glycogen storage disease. Amyloidosis. Bilateral Wilms tumor. Acute glomerulonephritis. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
- Two of the more common underlying etiological factors predisposing to hyaline membrane disease. Prematurity. Maternal diabetes.
- Two small kidneys DDx: Reflux nephropathy. Postinfectious nephropathy.
- Ultrasound findings of appendicitis? Noncompressible appendix greater than 6mm in width. Blood flow may be increased.
- Upper and lower pole moiety bladder insertions of duplicating collecting system Upper pole ectopically inserts below normal insertion and may form ureterocele. Lower pole inserts at normal location but often refluxes.
- Urachal anomalies Asymptomatic vesicourachal diverticula (obliterated of urachus ends). Urachal sinus, patent urachus extending from urinary bladder to umbilicus.
- Ureterocele Saccular dilated segment of distal ureter. Invaginates into bladder lumen. May cause urinary obstruction.
- Vascularity of a newborn becomes much easier to see in the lateral two-thirds of the lung under what conditions Vascular congestion due to congestive heart failure or over-circulation(left-to-right shunts).
- Vertebra plana causes MELTS. Metastasis. Myeloma (rare in children). Ewing’s sarcoma. LCH. Leukemia. Lymphoma. Trauma. Tuberculous osteomyelitis. Steroid use.
- VUR grading system and treatment Grade I: reflux of ureter (low dose antibiotics). Grade II: reflux of ureter. pelvis. calyces (low dose antibiotics). Grade III: reflux of collecting system with mild dilation (low dose antibiotics). Grade IV: reflux of collecting system with moderate dilation (surgery). Grade V: reflux of collecting system with severe dilation (surgery).
- WAGR syndrome Wilms tumor. Aniridia. Genitourinary abnormalities. Mental retardation.
- What causes ductus bump in a neonate and when does is disappear? Superimposition of main pulmonary artery, left pulmonary artery, and ductus arteriosus. Disappears usually by day 3 of life.
- When should repeat film in suspected round pneumonia be obtained to ensure resolution? 15 days
- Most common causes of 3rd and 4th portion duodenal obstructions. Duodenal diaphragm. Malrotation with midgut volvulus or obstructing peritoneal band.
- Wilms tumor features? Intrarenal tumor. Peak incidence between 2 and 5 years. Hematuria 20%. Uncommonly calcify.
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- Wolman disease Rare lipidosis. Enlarged, densely calcified adrenal glands. Usually fatal at an early age.