Organisation and Management

Question 1

Provide three reasons why managers are important.

Accepted Answer

1. organisations need their managerial skills and abilities in uncertain, complex and chaotic times. 2. Managers are critical in getting things done in organisations. 3. Managers contribute to employee productivity and loyalty; the way they are managed can affect the organisation's performance.

Question 2

Describe the three common characteristics of organizations.

Accepted Answer

Managers work in an organisation, which is a deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose. 1. They have a distinctive purpose 2. they are composed of people 3. they have a delieberate structure

Question 3

Explain how and why the concept of an organization is changing?

Accepted Answer

Many today's organisations are structured to - be more open- flexible and responsive to changes - have undergone some major changes in relation to how they operate --> resons: Technological change, globalisation

Question 4

Explain how managers differ from non-managerial employees.

Accepted Answer

Managers coordiante and oversee the work of other people so that organisational goals can be accomplished. Non-managerial employees work directly on job tasks and have no one reporting to them.

Question 5

Describe how to classify managers in organizations.

Accepted Answer

In traditionally structured organisations managers can be top, middle or first line. In more loosely configured organisations, the managers may not be as readily indetifiable, although someone must fulfil that role.

Question 6

Define management and the terms effectiveness and efficiency.

Accepted Answer

Management involves coordinating and overseeing the effective and efficient completion of other's work activities. Efficiency means getting the most output of the least amount of input, or doing things right. Effectiveness means doing those work activities that help the organisation to reach its goals, or doing things right.

Question 7

Describe the four functions of management.

Accepted Answer

Planning: Setting goals, establishing strategies for achieving those goals, and developing plans to integrate and coordinate activities. Organising: arranging and structuring work that employees do to accomplish the organisation's goals. leading: working with and through people to accomplish organisational goals. controlling: Management function that involves monitoring comparing and correcting work performance.

Question 8

Explain Mintzberg's managerial roles.

Accepted Answer

1. interpersonal roles, which involve people and other ceremonial/symbolic duties (figurehead, leader and liason). 2. informational roles, which involve collecting, receiving and disseminating information (monitor, disseminator and spokesperson). 3. decisional roles, which involve making choices (entrpreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator and negotiator).

Question 9

describe Katz's three essential managerial skills, and discuss how the importance of the skills changes depending on managerial level.

Accepted Answer

1. Technical (job-specific knowledge and techniques)--> Most important to lower level managers 2. Human or interpersonal (ability to work well with people) 3. Conceptual (ability to conceptualise and think)--> Most important for top managers

Question 10

Describe the similarities and differences between managers in different organizational areas, at different organizational levels and in different types of organizations.

Accepted Answer

Organisational level: Top managers are desingning the overall organisation, lower manager are rather focused on designing the jobs of individuals and work groups. --> as managers move up the organisation they do more planning and less direct supervising Organisational area:relative degree and mixture of roles by a manager depend on the functional area of an organisation- Manufacturing and production managers --> decisional roles- marketing/sales managers --> interpersonal roles- accounting managers --> informational roles --> However some roles are universally required for managers such as the roles of leader, laison, and disturbance handler Organisational type- profit and non-profit organisations are far more alike than they are different --> both concerned with having mangers who can effectively and efficiently plan, organise, lead and control, while also managing the various parts of the organisational system and the changing situations the organisation faces.

Question 11

Explain how the job of managing a small business is different from that of managing a large one.

Accepted Answer

- managers in both small and large companies do the same activities --> but how they go about them and the proportion of time they spend differs - differences in degree and emphasis of both functions and roles

Question 12

Discuss whether management concepts are transferable across national borders.

Accepted Answer

they are some major differences in preffered managerial practices between countries, which means that, in this area, the manager job is less universal But due an increasing globalisation, differences are likely to diminish gradually.

Question 13

Discuss the changes that are impacting on manager's job.

Accepted Answer

factors: economic and political uncertainties, changing workplaces, ethical issues, security threats and changing technology --> managers must be concerned with customer service, since employee attitudes and behaviours play a big role in customer satisfaction--> manager must be concerned about social media, because these forms are becoming more important and valuable tools in managing--> managers msut be concerned with innovation, because it is important for them to be competitive--> managers must be concerned with sustainibility as business goals are developed

Managing organizations and people (Fach) / Organisation and Management (Lektion)