Englisch UNI (Fach) / American Literature (Lektion)

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• What is America? continent -> N & S America, Canada, Caribbean -> language problems United States of America -> this is what we actually mean
• Where does the name “America” originate from? 1492 Clumbus 1507 Martin Waldseemüller put a name on the newly discovered land (Amerigo Vespucci as namesake)
• 1492 Columbus incidentally discovers America but thinks he found the way to India
• 1497 Amerigo Vespucci -> explores S-America
• 1507 Martin Waldseemüller printed a map (Universalis Cosmographica) of the new world -> he called the continent America in honor of Amerigo Vespucci
• When does American Literature begin? literature starts before the English colonization there is just nothing written down but inherited through oral tradition
• another name for the Iroquois Haudenosaunee is how they call themselves means peopleof the long house
• The Iroquois (Haudenosaunee) Confederacy was established in 13th or 14th century (1390?) -> year is not sure, as nobody wrote down any knowledge or history
• Alliance of Great Peace (original nations) 5 nations Mohawk Oneida Onondaga Cayuga Seneca
• Alliance of Great Peace (function) met each other and made decisions together -> economic and common political decisions done by consent -> some kind of democracy political system is still in place in those 6 nations -> is the oldest living participatory democracy on earth
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• Alliance of Great Peace (all nations) beginning: 5 nations -> Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca in 1722 Tuscarora added -> 6 nations
• The Iroquois Creation Story (facts) o   The name “Turtle Island” comes from this story o   elements in the story are 2 worlds, Sky Woman, tree/ hole, ocean, Turtle Island o   the first Native American to record the history of his nation David Cusick (Tuscarora)
• problem when Columbus discovered America lands on Hispaniola -> inhabitants of the Bahamas were wiped out completely more than 400 independent nations in North America (ca. 7million inhabitants) America was before Columbus came more densely populated at that time, than Europe
• The Spanish Conquest 1519 Hernán Cortés in Mexico end of Aztec civilization he was in search of gold
• French Encounters 1534 Jacques Cartier in Canada more peaceful Québec is not far away
• the first important settlements 1585 The Lost Colony (Sir Walter Raleigh) 1607 Jamestown, Virginia -> merchants 1620 Plymouth Plantation, Massachusetts -> pilgrims/ puritans
• 1607 Jamestown, Virginia governor John Smith the first permanent English settlement JAMEStown (King James I) VIRGINIA: Elizabeth I, the Virgin Queen
• 1608 Jamestown, Virginia alleged rescue of John Smith by Pocahontas his story: he was held prisoner when she (13 years old) rescued him from being cilled by her father rather: she was held prisoner, was married to someone and brought to England where she soon died
• first religious settlement 1620 Pilgrim Fathers (&Mothers!) arrived in Plymouth Rock, Massachusetts on board the Mayflower
• The Pilgrims and The Puritans The Pilgrims radical, separatist Pilgrims (Scrooby Group) -> wanted to get away from Anglican church The Puritans moderate, non-separatist Puritans -> wanted to reform the Anglican Church from within
• Great Gatsby author: Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald published in 1925
• The Iroquois creation story (dates) author: David Cusick (Tuscarora) 1623 the date the oral tale of the Iroquois creation story has first been recorded in general 1827 signifies the year David Cusick (a particular Iroquois author) published his version of his people's myth within the collection "Sketches from the Ancient History of the Six Nations"
• 32 bc Maya, Olmeces and other Mesoamerican Societies use the number zero BEFORE the Arabs

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