Social and Cross-Cultural Psy (Fach) / Chapter 11 (Lektion)

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• social support a partner's responsiveness to another's needs
• need to belong the intrinsic motivation to affiliate with others and be socially accepted
• attachment theory the theory that proposes that the development of secure infant-caregiver attachment in childhood is the basis for the ability to maintain stable and intimate relationships in adulthood
• evolutionary psychology an approach that explains human behaviour and preferences based on their 'reproductive value'; that is, their value in producing offspring
• similarity-attraction effect we like others who are similar to us; others who are like us
• misattribution of arousal people mistakenly attribute part of their arousal to an external stimulus that is not the actual cause of their arousal
• passionate love a state of intense longing for union with another individual, usually characterized by intrusive thinking and preoccupation with the partner, idealization of the other and the desire to know the other as well as the desire to be known by the other
• companionate love refers to the feelings of intimacy and affection we feel for another person when we care deeply for the person but do not necessarily experience passion or arousal in his or her presence
• equity theory a theory that seeks to explain relationship satisfaction in terms of perceptions of fair versus unfair distributions of resources within interpersonal relationships
• investments the level of resources (time, emotional involvement, money, self-disclosure and so on) put into a relationship, which increases the costs of withdrawing from the relationship
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• relationship commitment an individual's intent to maintain the relationship and to remain psychologically attached to it
• forgiveness forgiveness is defined as a prosocial motivational change toward the offender, despite the offender's hurtful behaviour
• willingness to sacrifice the tendency to forego immediate self-interest to promote the well-being of the partner or the relationship
• relationship superiority the tendency of romantically involved indivduals to perceive their own relationship as better than the average relationship
• derogation of alternatives the tendency of romantically involved individuals, as compared to singles, to give lower attractiveness ratings to attractive opposite-sex others
• exchange relationship refers to an interpersonal association between individuals who are concerned with what their partner gets and what they themselves receive to ensure equitable benefits
• communal relationship refers to an interpersonal association between individuals who are more concerned with what their partner gets rather than what they themselves receive, or relationships in which people's primary concern is being responsive to the other person's needs
• self-disclosure verbally revealing information about oneself to another person
• disclosure reciprocity people tend to match each other's level of self-disclosure
• perceived partner responsiveness the perception that a relationship partner is responsive to our needs

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