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Social and Cross-Cultural Psy (Fach) / Chapter 6 (Lektion)
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- attitude an overall evaluation of a stimulus object
- multicomponent model of attitude a model of attitude that conceptualizes attitudes as summary evaluations that have cognitive, affective and behavioural antecedents
- cognitive component of attitude beliefs, thoughts and attributes associated with an attitude object
- affective component of attitude the feelings or emotions associated with an attitude object
- evaluative conditioning changes the liking for a stimulus by repeatedly pairing it with another more polarized positive or negative stimulus
- mere exposure effect increase in liking for an object as a result of being repeatedly exposed to it
- behavioural component of attitude past behaviours (also present and future anticipated behaviours) associated with an attitude object
- self-perception theory the theory assumes that when inner states are ambiguous, people can infer these states by observing their own behaviour
- cognitive dissonance an aversive state which motivates individuals to reduce it
- one-dimensional perspective on attitudes a perspective that perceives positive and negative elements as stored along a single dimension
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- two-dimensional perspective on attitudes a perspective that perceives positive and negative elements as stored along separate dimensions
- attitudinal ambivalence a state that occurs when an individual both likes and dislikes an attitude object
- attitude functions the psychological needs fulfilled by an attitude
- object appraisal function when attitudes help serve as an energy-saving device
- utilitarian function when attitudes help us maximize rewards and minimise costs
- social adjustment function when attitudes help us identify with liked others
- ego-defensive function when attitudes help to protect our self-esteem
- value-expressive function when attitudes help express our values
- self-monitoring an individual difference variable measuring the extent to which people vary their behaviour across social situations (low self-monitors) versus behaving consistently (high self-monitors)
- explicit measures of attitude measures that directly ask respondents to think about and report an attitude
- implicit measures of attitude measures that assess spontaneous evaluative associations with an object, without relying on a verbal report
- attitude-behaviour relation the degree to which an attitude predicts behaviour
- theory of reasoned action a model in which behaviour is predicted by behavioural intentions, which are determined by attitudes and subjective norms
- theory of planned behaviour an extension to the theory of reasoned action that includes the concept of perceived behavioural control
- self-efficacy beliefs about one's ability to carry out certain actions required to attain a specific goal (e.g. that one is capable of following a diet, or to help someone)
- perceived behavioural control the notion that behavioural prediction is affected by whether people believe that they can perform the relevant behaviour
- implementation intentions 'if-then' plans that specify a behaviour that one will need to perform in order to achieve a goal, and the context in which the behaviour will occur
- MODE model a model of attitude-bahaviour relations in which motivation and opportunity are necessary to make a deliberative consideration of available information