26
Social and Cross-Cultural Psy (Fach) / Chapter 5 (Lektion)
Anzeige
- self-construals a person's views and knowledge about him- or herself is shaped through an active construal process that plays out in interaction with the social environment. This process is motivated by how one would like to see oneself
- self-perception theory the theory assumes that when inner states are ambiguous, people can infer these states by observing their own behaviour
- reflected appraisals inferences regarding others' appraisals of us that we gain by observing other peoples' reactions towards us
- social comparison a process of comparing oneself with others in order to evaluate one's own abilities and opinions
- self-concept the cognitive representation of our self-knowledge consisting of a sum total of all beliefs we have about ourselves. Its gives coherence and meaning to one's experience, including one's relations to other people
- self-schemas mental structures that help us organize and guide the processing of self-related information
- self-reference effect the tendency to process and remember self-related information better than other information
- working self-concept subset of relevant self-knowledge that is activated and guides our behaviour in a given situation
- desired selves contain our potential (possible selves), as well as the wishes and aspirations (ideal self), and the duties and obligations (ought self) that we, or significant others, hold for us
- self-esteem the overall evaluation that we have of ourselves along a positive-negative dimension
- Anzeige
- self- worth contingencies domains - both internal (e.g. virtue) and external (e.g. power) - on which we stake our self-worth
- implicit self-esteem the positivity of a person's automatic or nonconscious evaluation of him- or herself
- independent versus interdependent self while the independent self emphasizes autonomy and individualism and defines the self via internal attributes like traits, an interdependent self stresses the connection to others and defines the self in terms of relationships with others
- self-enhancement motivation to enhance the positivity of our self-conceptions, often over what would be objectively warranted; achieved by various strategies (e.g. self-serving attributions, basking in reflected glory, positive self-presentations)
- self-assessment motive striving to reach an accurate and objective understanding of the self
- implicit egotism non-conscious or automatic positive evaluation of self-associated objects
- self-presentation a range of strategies that we adopt in order to shape what others think of us
- self-handicapping the tendency to engage in self-defeating behaviours in order to provide a subsequent excuse for failure and augment ability attributions in the case of success
- self-verification motivation to affirm firmly held self-beliefs, arising from a desire for stable and coherent self-views
- sociometer theory a theory that posits that our self-esteem functions as a signal of the degree to which we feel accepted or rejected by other people
- terror management theory a theory that assumes that people cope with the fear of their own death by constructing worldviews that help to preserve their self-esteem
- self-awareness a psychological state in which one's attention is directed at the self
- self-regulation the process of controlling and directing one's behaviour in order to achieve desired thoughts, feelings, and goals
- ego depletion a temporary reduction of one's self-regulatory capacities due to restricted energy resources after sustained self-control efforts
- self-determination theory accounts for people's reasons for self-regulation: if self regulation is motivated by external pressure it is effortful; if it is freely chosen it is much more efficient without being depleting
- identity negotiation a process by which we establish who we are through mutual give-and-take interactions with others