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Bakteriologie (Fach) / Bacillus, Clostridien (Lektion)
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- Bacillus anthracis in cattle, sheep: fatal peracute or acute septicaemic anthrax
- Bacillus anthracis in pigs: subacute anthrax + oedematous swelling in pharyngeal region intestinal form with higher mortality is less common
- Bacillus anthracis in horses: subacute anthrax + localised oedema septicaemia + colic + enteritis
- Bacillus anthracis in humans: anthrax in skin-, pulmonary- & intestinal form
- Bacillus anthracis in carnivores: resistant
- Bacillus anthracis in birds: totally resistant
- B. cereus in cattle: mastitis
- B. cereus in humans: food poisoning (git infections) eye infection
- saprophytic bacilli: B. subtilis B. megaterium B. cereus B. licheniformis B. thuringensis Paenibacillus Geobacillus
- B. licheniformis in cattle and sheep: sporadic abortion
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- Paenibacillus larvae in honey bees: american foulbrood
- B. licheniformis/subtilis: can produce bacitracin (antibiotic)
- B. thuringiensis: insect pathogen, used for pest control
- Paenibacillus: = B. polymyxa polymyxin production
- Geobacillus: = B. stearothermophilus heat resitant
- Clostridium: capsule? no capsule! just Cl. perfringens
- Clostridium: flagella? Yes! except Cl. perfringens!
- Bacillus biochemistry: catalase + oxidase -
- Clostridium biochemistry: catalase - oxidase - fermentative (not fermentative are Cl. tetani + histolyticum) proteolytic: Cl. tetani + histolyticum + botulinum
- Bacillus culture: aerobic non-fastidious (nutrient broth, agar) 37°C R-S type colonies
- Clostridium culture: anaerobic (with different oxygen tolerance) --> C. histolyticum + botulinum can tolerate O2 blood agar, because haemolytic some can grow on nutrient agar 37°C --> C. perfringens: 40-45°C --> C. putrefaciens: 15-22°C
- neurotoxic clostridia: C. tetani C. botulinum (types A-G)
- histotoxic clostridia C. chauveoi C. septicum C. novyi type A + B C. perfringens type A C. sordellii C. haemolyticum
- enter-pathogenic and enterotoxaemia-producing clostridia: C. perfringens (type A-E) C. difficile C. colinum C. spiroforme
- atypical clostridial organisms: C. piliforme
- gas gangrenic diseases - malignant edema in cattle, pigs, sheep C. septicum C. novyi C. haemolyticum C. histolyticum C. sordellii
- gas gangrenic diseases - blackleg in cattle and sheep C. chauveoi
- gas gangrenic diseases - human gas gangrene C. perfringens A C. novyi A
- enterotoxemic diseases - necrotic enteritis of chicken: C. perfringens A/C
- enterotoxaemic diseases - lamb dysentery: C. perfringens B
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- enterotoxemic diseases - necrotic enteritis of pigs C. perfringens C
- enterotoxemic diseases - struck of sheep C. perfringens C
- enterotoxemic diseases - pulpy kidney disease of sheep C. perfringens D
- enterotoxemic diseases - ulcerative enteritis of chicken C. colinum
- intoxications - tetanus C. tetani
- intoxications - botulismus C. botulinum
- C. septicum nutrient agar toxins: - alpha: haemolytic, necrotizing, lethal - beta: DN-ase - gamma: hyaluronidase - delta: haemolysin
- C. septicum in cattle, sheep, pigs: malignant oedema
- C. septicum in sheep and calves: braxy (abomasitis)
- C. novyi toxins: alpha, lipase, lecitinase, DN-ase, collagenase types: A, B, C (non pathogenic, no toxins)
- C. novyi A + B A: human gas gangrene A + B: malignang oedema in cattle, pigs, sheep B: infectious necrotic hepatitis in sheep, cattle
- C. haemolyticum in cattle and sheep: bacillary haemoglobinuria
- C. histolyticum: wide spread, can tolerate O2 toxins: alpha, collagenase, protease, elastase, haemolysin
- C. histolyticum in cattle, sheep and pig: malignant oedema
- C. chauveoi: culture: blood agar --> strong haemolysis only guinea-pigs susceptible toxins: as C. septicum differentiation from C. septicum: culture, PCR, IF, animal trial, toxin neutralisation
- C. chauveoi in cattle and sheep: blackleg
- C. perfringens: optimal temperatuer: 40-45°C no flagella, but capsule toxins: - main: alpha, beta, epsilon, iota) --> epsilon + iota activated by trypsin - auxiliary: gamma, delta, theta, kappa, lambda, mü
- C. perfringens in human: A --> human gas gangrene
- C. perfringens in chicken: A + C --> necrotic enteritis
- C. perfringens in sheep: B --> lamb dysentery C --> struck of sheep D --> pulpy kidney disease