83
Config Systems (Fach) / Config Systems (Lektion)
Anzeige
- Product Configuration... supports lot-size-one productionis an enabling technology for mass customization
- Product Configuration is an activity of ... customizing a product to meet the needs of a specific customer
- A configurator is responsible for ... guiding the user through the configuration processproposing solutions, i.e., complete configurations
- Terms similar to product configuration are ... Sales ConfigurationMass Customization
- Mass Customization is ... the production of highly-variant products at nearly mass production costs
- Mass Production serves ... market push (sell what was made)build-to-stock (before final purchases is identified)
- Mass Customization serves ... market pull (sell what was ordered)build-to-order (in response to a confirmed order)
- BTO means ... build-to-orderthat product assembly starts only after receipt of a customer order
- ATO means ... that products are built by combining fixed (pre-fabricated) componentsassemble-to-order
- ETO means ... engineer-to-orderto design some parts only after order
- Anzeige
- PTO means ... pick-to-orderto select individual components without dependencies
- CTO means... configure-to-ordertaking into account dependencies between predefined components and theirproperties
- Benefits of Configure-to-Order are ... reduced lead timesincreased correctness of offersimproved sales productivity
- Configuration can be used in the context of ... servicemodernization (reconfiguration)pre-sales activitiessales
- Configuration Lifecycle Management (CLM) … overlaps with Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)
- Mass production is characterized by ... low unit costsmany produced unitsno or few product variants
- The main scope of mass customization is ... consumer products such as cars, computers, clothes, etc.
- The "C" in CPQ means ... Configure
- The "P" in CPQ means ... Price
- The "Q" in CPQ means ... Quote
- Compared to ETO, CTO processes ... achieve higher quality (i.e. less errors) in offerscan issue offers fasterachieve cost reductions over time
- Compared to ETO, CTO processes … reduce complexity of products have a higher degree of automation
- Product Configuration ... is relevant for CRM (Customer Relationship Management)
- Product Configuration … is relevant for ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)
- A main task of Product Configuration is ... the specification of product variability to support the decisions of the buyer or sales personal
- Tacton (a commercial CPQ system) is based on ... constraint technology
- Basic elements of a Constraint Satisfaction Problem are ... variable domains variables constraints
- Constraint Satisfaction Problems can be solved more efficiently by ... applying additional search heuristics combining backtracking with forward checking
- The heuristic MRV (minimal remaining values) is ... a variable selection strategy
- Examples of constraint solving libraries are ... Choco MiniZinc
- Anzeige
- Given the variables x1, x2 (both with domain {1,2,3}) and the constraints c1: x1 > x2 and x2 >= x3. x2 is arc-consistent with x3 x3 is arc-consistent with x2
- Arc consistency is ... directed
- A (classical) CSP (Constraint Satisfaction Problem) has a valid solution if ... every variable is set to a value from its domain and all constraints are satisfied
- Given that constraint solving alternates exploration of the search space and exploitation by deterministically filtering out invalid values, ... exploration is of exponential complexity time performance of exploitation typically is of a low polynomial order
- Given that constraint solving alternates exploration of the search space and exploitation by deterministically filtering out invalid values, ... maintaining arc-consistency is part of exploitation constraint propagation is part of exploitation
- Arc-consistency is ... weaker than 3-consistency (i.e. finds fewer inconsistent assignments) less expensive than 3-consistency (i.e. needs less runtime)
- Conditional CSP (dynamic CSP) ... are equally expressive as classical CSP extend classical CSP with activity constraints to dynamically switch-on/off variables
- In MiniZinc, the requirement that each of 10 cars may optionally have an air conditioning can be represented by ... array[1..10] of var bool : hasAirConditioning;
- In MiniZinc, the fact that the engine type is either electric or petrol can be represented by .. int : electric = 1; int : petrol = 2; set of int : EngineType = 1..2; var EngineType : type; enum EngineType = {electric, petrol}; var EngineType: type;
- In MiniZinc, the constraint that cars with an electric engine must not have an air conditioning can be represented by enum EngineType = {electric, other}; int : nrCars = 10; array[1..nrCars] of var bool : hasAirCon; array[1..nrCars] of var EngineType : engineType; together with ... constraint forall (x in 1..nrCars) (engineType[x] != electric or not hasAirCon[x]); constraint forall (x in 1..nrCars) (engineType[x] = electric -> not hasAirCon[x]);
- Constraint solving can be used to ... find all valid configurations (if the size of the problem is not too big) complete a partial configuration to a valid solution (if the partial configuration does not contain a conflict) check the correctness of a configuration
- Symmetry breaking ... can help to improve performance
- Optimization is relevant for ... under-constrained problems
- In MiniZinc, the rule that each of 10 cars has an engine can be represented by ... int : nrCars = 10; array[1..nrCars] of var bool : hasEngine; constraint forall (x in 1..nrCars) (hasEngine[x] = true);
- Every conflict set in CSPs ... is inconsistent
- Every minimal conflict set ... is inconsistent does not have a proper subset which has the conflict set property
- Every diagnosis of minimal cardinality ... is also minimal
- Given the minimal conflict sets {c1,c2} and {c2,c3}. What is a corresponding minimal diagnosis? {c1,c3} {c2}
- A conflict ... can always be resolved
- The "Simple Conflict Detection" algorithm returns … one minimal conflict