USMLE Step 2 (Fach) / Ethics, Social Sciences (Lektion)
In dieser Lektion befinden sich 13 Karteikarten
Step 2 CK
Diese Lektion wurde von estoffel erstellt.
- Hospice care - Focuson quality of life, not cure or life prolongation - Symptom control (pain, nausea, dyspnea, agitation, anxiety, depression) - Interdisciplinary team (medical, nursing, psychosocial, spiritual, ...
- Surrogate decision-making The surrogate decision-maker may be appointed by patients (e.g., medical power of attorney), legally appointed (e.g., court-ordered guardian), or next of kin (if no advance directive exists). The exact ...
- Medical errors Regardless of the outcome of a treatment, a physician must inform the patient immediately if an error has occurred and disclose the nature of that error. If a physician believes that a colleague has committed ...
- Physician-aided death Physician-assisted suicide: When a physician supplies a patient with the means to end their own life (e.g., a physician provides a patient with a lethal doseof morphine that the patient then self-injects)- ...
- Futile treatment A physician is not ethically obligated to provide treatment if it is considered futile (inappropriate treatment), even if requested by the patient or surrogate. Treatment can be considered futile if:- ...
- Organ tissue donation Contraindications (deceased donors):- Malignancy that is non-curable or metastatic- Sepsis in the donor- Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (prion diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease)- Cardiac ...
- Exceptions to confidentiality - The patient directly requests the physician to share information with another party (e.g., a family member or for insurance purposes) - The patient has a notifiable disease: In this case, a physician ...
- Domestic violence - Refers to any form of actual or threatened physical or emotional harm within a household, frequently used to by one person to maintain power over another. - Usually occurs between partners in a relationship, ...
- Physician-patient romantic relationships - Romantic relationships with current patients are always unethical and inappropriate - Romantic relationships with former patients are also inappropriate if:→ The physician has a position of influence ...
- Informed consent in minors A minor is any person < 18 years old in most states. Parental consent is required before a minor receives medical care, with a few exceptions:- The hospitalization or treatment is emergent and life-saving ...
- Informed consent during pregnancy A pregnant woman has the right to refuse health care even if her decision poses a risk to the unborn fetus.
- Elder abuse Risk factors:- Female- Dementia, chronic mental illness- Functional impairments- Social isolation- Shared living environment- Poor socioeconomic status/financial stress Physical & sexual abuse:- Atypical ...
- SPIKES protocol The SPIKES protocol is based on empirical data and guidelines and helps practitioners to break bad news to patients. S: SettingSetting up the interview and arranging for some privacy; involvement of ...