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Linguistik Seminar (Fach) / Neu 2 (Lektion)

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• Endocentric phrase -exhibit the same distribution as their heads-contains a head that is the single obligatory element in the construction and a optional element subordinate to the head
• Exocentric phrase -neither have the same semantic distribution as their heads nor that of any other of their consistents‚ -phrase as a whole can take neither the position of the preposition nor that of the noun phrase it is in connection with
• Main verb: (3) - head: anchor in sentence optional preceding by one ore more AUXOptionally followed by object, complements and modifiers
• VP VP consists of a main verb and aux verbs in a strict order:- modality, perfect, progressive, passive Bil (may -> modal) (have been -> perfect) (being -> progressive) followed (-> passive) by the FBI. —> each aux is optional 
• Progressive aspect (3) event is involving a period, not just a point of timeTemporary rather than permanentA situation durch which another situation accurs
• Perfect aspect represents an earlier situation as being relevant in some way at a later time
• Voice active vs passiveConcerns only transitive verbsForm of be and a past participle OR get and a past participleSubject in passive structure has the semantic role of patient
• Auxiliaries same function like inflectional endingsDivided into primary verb (be, do, have) and modal verbs (can, could, may, might, should, will, would, must)Primary verbs: Important for marking grammatical categories, forming questions and negating main verbsOnly primary verbs may be used as main verb
• Lexical field acquire (erwerben) meaning in relation to other words with shared semantic featuresWords in one field share common semantic propertyMeaning of a field member can only be fully determined and delimited with reference to semantic neighbourscriticism: lexical field as mosaic, with clear cut boundaries —> as always, life is not a merry-go-around —> fuzzy boundaries
• Cognitive semantics: explains meaning primarily in terms of categorisationMeaning linked to human cognition, the way we perceive the world Language and cognition insuperable: structure of linguistic categories reflect the structure of conceptual categories

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