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Linguistik Seminar (Fach) / Semantics (Lektion)
Klausur
Diese Lektion wurde von littleflyingbirdy erstellt.
Diese Lektion ist leider nicht zum lernen freigegeben.
- Semantics Studies the meaning or meaning potential of various kinds of expressions: words, phrases, sentences
- Saussure's model of the linguistic sign two parts --> inseparably linked to one another --> binaryConcept (signified) <-> Sound Image (Signifier)reciprocal relationship: sound sequence automatically evokes the concept linked to it and vice versa (arrows)arbitrary: realtion between signifie and significant --> matter of conventionTypes of signs: symbolrelation between signifier and signified is-purely conventional -culturally specificbasically most words-arbitryr relationship between sound and concept indexexistential or physical effect-cause or effect-reason relationship between the sign and what it stand for-smoke --> sign of fire-to stagger (torkeln) --> drunken person iconrelationship of similarity between the sign and what it stands fornature of similarity can be physical or imagic-pictograms: (schild) --> emergency exit-onomatopeia: wau wau in German for dog-diagrammatic: maps and the region they depict
- Lexical Semantics lexical semantics proceed from the assumption that words are symbols-signs expressing an arbitrary relation between a form and its meaning-matter of convetionparadigmatic semantics:-reation of choice-various semantic relation between lexical alternatives-where signs get meaning from their association with other signssyntagmatic semantics-where signs get meaning from their sequential (linear) order-a horizontal relation of combinationcollocations - syntagmatic restrictions-collocations --> given lexeme can only be combined with very few other lexemes-flock of sheep, goats, birds-pack of wolves
- Frege's Principle - Compositionality -meaning of a complex expression is determined by the meanings of its constituant expression and the rules used to combine them--> can understand the countless sentences we encounter everyday even though we have never heard them beforeBUT IT SOMETIMES FAILSliteral vs intended meaning--> meaning can not be reconstructed from meaning of component parts (e.g. Kick the bucket)difference between what is said and what is meant
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