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Anatomy (Fach) / Anatomy I (Lektion)
- Classification of epithelia and function 1. Number of layers a) single - transport across epithelium, reduction of friction b) stratified - protection againss friction and injury, barrier 2. Shape of cells a) Squamos - surface for passive transport b) Cuboidal - transport of water and ions c) Columnar - secretion, absorption
- Loose CT (Types, structure, functions) - often "packing material" which fills spaces and stabilises 1. Areolar - loosely arranged fibres with an abundance of cells - no obvious structure (can be recognised by its irregular arrangement) - molecular diffusion 2. Reticular - mostly reticular fibres (Collagen Type II, fragile network) - scaffolding for other cells in several organs ("lamina propria")
- Dense CT (types, structure, function) - rich in fibres and ground substance (ECM), poor in cells 1. Regular - bundles of collagen are parallel - form tendons and ligaments --> great tensile strength 2. Irregular - fibres are irregularly arranged - dermis of skin , capsules of organs, submucosa of hollow viscera --> resist mechanical forces in all directions
- Specialised CT 1. Blood and Lymph - ECM: blood plasm and blood serum containing soluted proteins - Cells: Erythrocytes, Thrombocytes, Leucocytes - Function: transport and defence 2. Adipose tissue - Cells: Adipocytes - Function: cushioning, energy storage 3. Supportive tissue a) Bone (osseous tissue) - morphological unit = osteon carrying a blood vessel and a nerve fibre in the middle - Cells: Osteoblasts - ECM: bone matrix (lamellae) b) Cartigae (hyaline cartilage) - ECM: ground substance - Cells: chondrocytes (divide before being trapped and therefore cluster together) --> stiff but still flexible support, prevent bone-to-bone contact
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