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Anatomy (Fach) / Anatomy III (Lektion)
- Muscles around the shoulders + attachments + movements 1. Deltoid - prox. attachment to clavicles, acromion process, spine of the scapula - dist. attachment to the shaft of the humerus - Abduction, flexion, extension of the shoulder joint 2. Pectoralis major - prox. attachment to medial parts of clavicle, manubrium and body of sternum, costal cartilages - dist. attachment to shaft of the humerus and intertubercular groove - movement of the humerus 3. Trapezius - Medial attachment to the occipital bone, spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae - Lateral attachment to the acromion process and spine of scapula - movement of the pectoral girdle at the scapulothoracic joint 4. Latissimus dorsi muscle - Medial attachment by an apaneurosis to the spinous processes of lower thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae - Distal attachment to the shaft of the humerus - shoulder extension, adduction, internal rotation and lateral flexion of the spine 5. Serratus anterior - Anterior attachment to 1st-9th rib/costae - Posterior attachment to Medial border of the scapula - involved in movements of the scapulathoracic joint, stabilisation of the scapula
- Muscles around the elbow joint + attachment + movement 1. Major flexors (biceps brachii, brachialis) - Distal attachment biceps to the radius --> crosses the elbow joint - Distal attachment brachialis to the ulna --> doesn't cross the shoulder joint - Proximal attachment to the scapula - Flexion of the elbow joint (synergists) 2. Major extensors (triceps brachii) - Proximal attachment of the 3 heads to humerus - Distal attachment to the olecranon process of the ulna - Antagonist to the biceps, extension of the elbow joint, adduction of shoulder joint
- Muscles around the wrist joint + Attachment + Movement 1. Intrinsic muscles 2. Extrinsic muscles a) Superficial flexors (anterior department) - Flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor carpi radialis - Prox. attachment to medial epicondyles of humerus (originate from a commin tendon) - Flexor carpi ulnaris: Dist. attachment to pisiform, flexion and adduction of wrist - Flexor digitorum superficialis: dist. attachment to phalanges of 4 fingers, flexion of wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints and interphalangeal joints - Flexor carpi radialis: dist. attachment to metacarpals II+III, Flexion and abduction of wrist - Flexor retinaculum: band od connective tissue which holds the tendons of the flexors in place at the wrist joint b) Superficial extensors (posterior department) - Extensor carpi ulnaris, Extensor digitorum, extensor carpi radialis (longus/brevis) - Prox attachment to lateral epicondyle of the humerus (common origin) -Extensor carpi ulnaris: dist. attachment to metacarpal V, extension and adduction of wrist - Extensor digitorum: dist. attachment to each finger, extension of MCP and IP joints - Extensor carpi radialis: dist. attachment to metacarpals II+III, Extension and abduction of wrist