Any condition affecting bile formation or secretion (nonobstructive intrahepatic cholestasis), or leading to biliary obstruction.

Etiology:- Inherited disorders: Dubin-Johnson syndrome, Rotor's syndrome- Intrahepatic cholestasis→ Liver disease (e.g., hepatitis or cirrhosis)→ Primary biliary cholangitis→ Infiltrative process (e.g., tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and amyloidosis)- Extrahepatic cholestasis (biliary obstruction)→ Choledocholithiasis→ Tumors (pancreatic cancer, cholangiocellular carcinoma, gallbladder cancer)→ Primary sclerosing cholangitis→ Malformations of the bile ducts (e.g., postoperative/inflammatory strictures, and biliary cysts)→ Parasitic infection (e.g., liver flukes)

Clinical features:- Jaundice- Pale, clay-colored (acholic) stool- Dark urine- Pruritus- Fal malabsorption (steatorrhea, weight loss)