Semantic Theories (Fach) / Behaviouristic Theories of Meaning (Lektion)
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behaviourism had strong influence on basic assumptions concerning semantics
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- Father of behaviourism J. B. Watson, he outlined the basic principles in his book "Behaviourism" Bloomfield was also highly influenced by the ideas of behaviourism
- Four characteristic principles or tendencies can be identified concerning behaviourism. Which ones? 1. A rejection of mentalism: concept, idea or introspection; thoughts and ideas are private; visible behaviour instead of invisible; via language thoughts can be considered as verbal behaviour or as inaudible speech (theory of meaning) 2. assumption that there are basic similarities between the behaviour of animals and that of humans (theory of language acquisition) 3. minimizing the role of innate capacities and emphasizing the role of learning in acquiring patterns of behaviour (theory of language acquisition) 4. emphasizing mechanism of determinism (theory of meaning) -> many ideas are reflected in Bloomfield's theory of meaning
- Bloomfield... - founder of a theory of language which separated semantics from grammar and this attitude is further reflected in the writings of Harris and Chomsky - one of the first and predominant personalities in establishing linguisics as a science - meaning: "situation in which a speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer" - each linguistic form has a constant and specific meaning, which the linguist can't define
- Regarding Bloomfield's theory of meaning from the perspective of Frege this means that: - the meaning (of words) is identified in the situation = the situation is the reference - sense can't be described by a linguist and is left to other scientists - the meaning of sentences is identified in situations as well