USMLE (Fach) / Pharmacology - Renal (Lektion)
In dieser Lektion befinden sich 15 Karteikarten
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- Mannitol Osmotic diuretic. ↑ tubular fluid osmolarity → ↑ urine flow, ↓ intracranial/intraocular pressure. Use: - Drug overdose- Elevated intracranial/intraocular pressure Adverse effects:- Pulmonary ...
- Acetazolamide Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Causes self-limited NaHCO3 diuresis and ↓ total body HCO3- stores. Use: - Glaucoma- Metabolic alkalosis- Altitude sickness- Pseudotumor cerebri- Alkalinizes urine Adverse ...
- Furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide Sulfonamide loop diuretics. Inhibit cotransport system (Na+/K+/2Cl-) of thick ascending limb of loop of Henle. Abolish hypertonicity of medulla, preventing concentration of urine.Stimulate PGE release ...
- Ethacrynic acid Nonsulfonamide inhibitor of cotransport system (Na+/K+/2Cl-) of thick ascending limp of loop of Henle. Use: Diuresis in patients allergic to sulfa drugs. Adverse effects: Similar to furosemide, but more ...
- Hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, metolazone Inhibit NaCl reabsorption in early DCT → ↓ diluting capacity of nephron. ↓ Ca2+ excretion. Clinical use: - Hypertension- HF- Idiopathic hypercalciuria- Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus- Osteoporosis ...
- Spironolactone, Eplerenone Competitive aldosterone receptor antagonists in cortical collecting tubule Clinical use:- Hyperaldosteronism- K+ depletion- HF- Hepatic ascites (spironolactone)- Antiandrogen Adverse effects:- Hyperkalemia ...
- Amiloride, Triamterene Act at the cortical collecting tubule by blocking Na+ channels in the cortical collecting tubule. Use:- Hyperaldosteronism- K+ depletion- HF- Nephrogenic DI (amiloride)- Antiandrogen Adverse effects:- ...
- Diuretics: electrolyte changes Urine NaCl: ↑ with all diuretics. Serum NaCl may decrease as a result. Urine K+: ↑ especially with loop and thiazide diuretics. Serum K+ may decrease as a result. Blood pH: ↓ (acidemia): carbonic ...
- Captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, ramipril Inhibit ACE → ↓ AT II → ↓ GFR by preventing constriction of efferent arterioles. ↑ renin due to loss of negative feedback. Inhibition of ACE also prevents inactivation of bradykinin, a ...
- Losartan, candesartan, valsartan Selectively block binding of angiotensin II to AT1 receptor. Effects similar to ACE inhibitors, but ARBs do not increase bradykinin. Use:- Hypertension- HF- Proteinuria- Chronic kidney disease (eg, diabetic ...
- Aliskiren Direct renin inhibitor, blocks conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. Use: Hypertension Adverse effects:- Hyperkalemia- ↓ GFR- Hypotension- Angioedema- Relatively contraindicated in patients ...
- Chlorthalidone Thiazide diuretic
- Metolazone Thiazide diuretic
- Bumetanide Loop diuretic
- Indapamide Thiazide diuretic