- Onset before age 18.- Males > Females

Characterized by both multiple motor & ≥1 vocal tics that persist for >1 year.- Motor: Facial grimacing, blinking, head/neck jerking, shoulder shrugging, tongue protrusion, sniffing- Vocal: Grunting, snorting, throat clearing, barking, yelling, coprolalia- Coprolalia (involuntary obscene speech) found in only 40% of patients.

- Associated with OCD and ADHD.

Treatment: psychoeducation, behavioral therapy- For intractable and distressing tics, high-potency antipsychotics (eg, haloperidol, fluphenazine), tetrabenazine (dopamine depleter), α₂-agonists (eg, guanfacine, clonidine), or atypical antipsychotics may be used.