USMLE (Fach) / Pharmacology - Cardiovascular (Lektion)
Amlodipine, clevidipine, nicardipine, nifedipine, nimodipine (dihydropyridines, act on vascular smooth muscle).Diltiazem, verapamil (non-dihydropyridines, act on heart).
Block voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ channels in of cardiac and smooth muscle → ↓ muscle contractility.- Results in ↓ intracellular Ca2+- Causes ↓ CO (verapamil and diltiazem), ↓ TPR (all CCBs)
Use:- Dihydropyridines (except nimodipine): hypertension, angina (including Prinzmetal), Raynaud phenomenon.- Nimodipine: subarachnoid hemorrhage (prevents cerebral vasospasm).- Nicardipine, clevidipine: hypertensive urgency or emergency.Non-dihydropyridines: hypertension, angina, atrial fibrillation/flutter.
Adverse effects:- Dihydropyridine: peripheral edema, flushing, dizziness- Non-dihydropyridine: cardiac depression, AV block, hyperprolactinemia, constipation, gingival hyperplasia
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